○ Evidence tier 2 — Human clinical-outcome RCT — disease population

Record verify: primary source pending

DesignRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial (mortality outcome)
N420
DOI10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008
Citation statusdoi verified via Crossref 2026-07-12 (JACC Heart Fail 2014;2(6):641-649, Mortensen et al., 'The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Morbidity and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure' — the Q-SYMBIO trial). PMID + NCT: needs_primary_fulltext.

Five-qualifier claim

Species / populationAdults with chronic (NYHA class III-IV) heart failure (n=420) — a DISEASE population, not healthy aging.
Exposure, route, scheduleOral CoQ10 100 mg three times daily on top of standard heart-failure therapy.
Comparator / durationPlacebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind; ~2-year follow-up.
Endpoint / numeric resultFewer major adverse cardiovascular events and lower all-cause mortality vs placebo in the heart-failure population.
What it did NOT establishThis is heart-failure disease treatment — it is NOT evidence of a healthy-aging, longevity, or lifespan-extension benefit in the general population.

Primary reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

Exact identifier confirmed against the primary record via Crossref/ClinicalTrials.gov where stated in the citation status; anything marked needs_primary_fulltext is not yet confirmed.