Methodology

Evidence tiers

Evidence is shown on a visible seven-tier scale (1 = healthy-aging human lifespan RCT, down to 7 = in vitro/mechanism) and is never collapsed into a single marketing score. Tier 1 is empty on this site by design: none of the studies covered here is a healthy-aging lifespan RCT. Note the deliberate distinction between tier 2 (a human clinical-outcome RCT in a disease population, e.g. CoQ10 mortality in heart failure) and a healthy-aging lifespan result — the former is real and important, but it is disease treatment, not evidence of an anti-aging effect.

Honesty flag

Each intervention carries a flag determined by its explicit status in the compiled evidence records: ○ not established means that the compiled studies do not establish a healthy-aging human lifespan benefit. Each record separately describes its population, measured endpoints and limitations. The flag comes from an explicit corpus status; wording changes cannot turn it into a positive efficacy claim.

How identifiers are confirmed

Journal, volume and DOI were confirmed via Crossref, and trial design and status via the ClinicalTrials.gov v2 API where an NCT was resolvable. Each record states, per identifier, whether it is confirmed, not applicable to that study type, reported but not independently checked, or simply not confirmed. No identifier is invented and none is taken from a secondary source.

Record-level and identifier-level verification are kept apart. A confirmed DOI identifies a publication; it does not independently verify a study result, its population, or its limitations. Missing PMID and trial identifiers are separately labelled. The badge describes publication identification, not completed clinical review.